Task 2– Preparation

 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES OF THE BREAST

Infancy: In infancy, the breasts are small and underdeveloped. 

There is no hormonal activity to stimulate them significantly.

Puberty: Sex hormones, such as estrogen, stimulate breast growth. This is known as telarche. Mammary glands and fatty tissue develop, resulting in an increase in breast size and shape. There may be tenderness and pain at this stage due to hormonal changes.

Pregnancy: The breasts undergo significant changes in preparation for lactation. Hormones such as progesterone and prolactin stimulate additional breast tissue growth and the formation of milk-producing alveoli. The breasts may become larger, tender and firm.

Lactation: The breasts produce and secrete milk to feed the baby. The baby's sucking stimulates the release of milk and helps maintain milk production. The breasts may change size and shape during lactation and may experience engorgement if milk is not expressed regularly.

Postmenopausal: Breasts tend to decrease in size and firmness. The density of breast tissue may decrease and the composition of adipose tissue may change, which may lead to a decrease in skin elasticity.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER AND BENIGN BREAST DISEASES:

Prevalence: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Benign breast conditions such as fibroadenomas and cysts are also common.

Incidence: The incidence of breast cancer varies by region and ethnicity, and is generally higher in Western countries and urban areas.

Demographic factors: The incidence of breast cancer increases with age and is more common in white women. However, breast cancer mortality rates are higher among African-American women.

Survival rates: Survival rates have improved due to early detection and advances in treatment. Early detection through mammography and awareness of breast self-examination are important in improving survival rates.

CLASSIFICATION OF NODULES IN MAMMOGRAPHY

a) Circumscribed or well defined, when at least 75% of its contour is well defined, considering that the minimal part that is not well defined is due to the overlapping of adjacent tissue. It can be considered that there is a clear boundary between the nodule and the surrounding tissue

b) Micro lobulated, when small lobulations can be seen in its contour

c) Obscured, when it is a well defined nodule, however, the margin is hidden by the surrounding tissue.

d) Poorly defined, when it is not possible to establish either totally or partially the limits of the nodule without this being due to superimposition of breast tissue, a finding that suggests infiltration of the lesion into the adjacent tissue.

e) Spiculated, the contour shows fine lines projecting from the edge of the nodule towards the surrounding parenchyma.

Conclusions

 

·         It is of great importance as students of radiology and diagnostic imaging technology to acquire knowledge about the hormonal and physical development that occurs in the mammary gland according to the stage in which the woman's body is.

·         To know how to identify the type of nodules or lesions that are in the patient's breast as future technologists.

·         To expose and present the knowledge acquired by means of a video based on an infographic made with the generalities of the course.

·         To know the types of diseases that are generated in the mammary gland and the epidemiology according to the type of female hormonal development.

Bibliography

 

Pavón-Hernández, C. M., Villaseñor-Navarro, Y., Cruz-Morales, R. A., Aguilar-Cortázar, L. O., Pérez-Badillo, M. P., & Pérez-Zúñiga, I. (2012). Nodules, characterization and categorization. Mexican journal of oncology, 11(4), 260-267. Perfil, V. T. mi. (n/d). Hormones and reproduction. do you know it all? Blogspot.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024, from https://hormonasyreproduccion.blogspot.com/2013/05/2-regulacion-endocrina-de-las-hembras.html.

 

Profile, v. t. mi. (n/d). hormones and reproduction. do you know it all? blogspot.com. retrieved March 8, 2024, from https://hormonasyreproduccion.blogspot.com/2013/05/2-regulacion-endocrina-de-las-hembras.html

 

Giron, J. (2020). Birads classification in mammography. Repositorio institucional UNAD Perfil, V. T. mi. (n/d). Hormones and reproduction. do you know it all? Blogspot.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024, from https://hormonasyreproduccion.blogspot.com/2013/05/2-regulacion-endocrina-de-las-hembras.html